<?php
/**
 * Jingga
 *
 * PHP Version 8.1
 *
 * @package   phpOMS\Image
 * @copyright Dennis Eichhorn
 * @license   OMS License 2.0
 * @version   1.0.0
 * @link      https://jingga.app
 */
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace phpOMS\Image;

use phpOMS\Utils\NumericUtils;

/**
 * Kernel - image sharpening/blurring
 *
 * @package phpOMS\Image
 * @license OMS License 2.0
 * @link    https://jingga.app
 * @since   1.0.0
 */
final class Kernel
{
    /**
     * Kernel matrix for ridge
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_RIDGE_1 = [
        [0, -1, 0],
        [-1, 4, -1],
        [0, -1, 0],
    ];

    /**
     * Kernel matrix for ridge
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_RIDGE_2 = [
        [-1, -1, -1],
        [-1, 8, -1],
        [-1, -1, -1],
    ];

    /**
     * Kernel matrix for sharpening
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_SHARPEN = [
        [0, -1, 0],
        [-1, 5, -1],
        [0, -1, 0],
    ];

    /**
     * Kernel matrix for blurring
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_BOX_BLUR = [
        [1 / 9, 1 / 9, 1 / 9],
        [1 / 9, 1 / 9, 1 / 9],
        [1 / 9, 1 / 9, 1 / 9],
    ];

    /**
     * Kernel matrix for gaussian blurring
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_GAUSSUAN_BLUR_3 = [
        [1 / 16, 2 / 16, 1 / 16],
        [2 / 16, 4 / 16, 2 / 16],
        [1 / 16, 2 / 16, 1 / 16],
    ];

    /**
     * Kernel matrix for embossing
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_EMBOSS = [
        [-2, -1, 0],
        [-1, 1, 1],
        [0, 1, 2],
    ];

    /**
     * Kernel matrix for unsharpening
     *
     * @var array<int, int[]>
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public const KERNEL_UNSHARP_MASKING = [
        [-1 / 256, -4 / 256, -6 / 256, -4 / 256, -1 / 256],
        [-4 / 256, -16 / 256, -24 / 256, -16 / 256, -4 / 256],
        [-6 / 256, -24 / 256, 476 / 256, -24 / 256, -6 / 256],
        [-4 / 256, -16 / 256, -24 / 256, -16 / 256, -4 / 256],
        [-1 / 256, -4 / 256, -6 / 256, -4 / 256, -1 / 256],
    ];

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @since 1.0.0
     * @codeCoverageIgnore
     */
    private function __construct()
    {
    }

    /**
     * Apply kernel matrix
     *
     * @param string $inPath  Image file path
     * @param string $outPath Image output path
     * @param array  $kernel  Kernel matrix
     *
     * @return void
     *
     * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(image_processing)
     * @see https://towardsdatascience.com/image-processing-with-python-blurring-and-sharpening-for-beginners-3bcebec0583a
     * @see https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~jjcorso/t/598F14/files/lecture_0924_filtering.pdf
     *
     * @since 1.0.0
     */
    public static function convolve(string $inPath, string $outPath, array $kernel) : void
    {
        $im = null;
        if (\strripos($inPath, 'png') !== false) {
            $im = \imagecreatefrompng($inPath);
        } elseif (\strripos($inPath, 'jpg') !== false || \strripos($inPath, 'jpeg') !== false) {
            $im = \imagecreatefromjpeg($inPath);
        } else {
            $im = \imagecreatefromgif($inPath);
        }

        if ($im === false) {
            return;
        }

        if (\count($kernel) === 3) {
            \imageconvolution($im, $kernel, 1, 0);
        } else {
            $dim  = [\imagesx($im), \imagesy($im)];
            $kDim = [\count($kernel[1]), \count($kernel)];

            $kWidthRadius  = NumericUtils::uRightShift($kDim[0], 1);
            $kHeightRadius = NumericUtils::uRightShift($kDim[1], 1);

            for ($y = 0; $y < $dim[1]; ++$y) {
                for ($x = 0; $x < $dim[0]; ++$x) {
                    $newR = 0;
                    $newG = 0;
                    $newB = 0;

                    for ($ky = 0; $ky < $kDim[0]; ++$ky) {
                        for ($kx = 0; $kx < $kDim[1]; ++$kx) {
                            $pixel = \imagecolorat($im,
                                \min(\max($x + $kx - $kWidthRadius, 0), $dim[0] - 1),
                                \min(\max($y + $ky - $kHeightRadius, 0), $dim[1] - 1)
                            );

                            // old
                            $r = ($pixel >> 16) & 0xFF;
                            $g = ($pixel >> 8) & 0xFF;
                            $b = $pixel & 0xFF;

                            // new
                            $newR += $r * $kernel[$ky][$kx];
                            $newG += $g * $kernel[$ky][$kx];
                            $newB += $b * $kernel[$ky][$kx];
                        }
                    }

                    $newR = (int) \max(0, \min(255, $newR));
                    $newG = (int) \max(0, \min(255, $newG));
                    $newB = (int) \max(0, \min(255, $newB));

                    \imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, (int) (($newR << 16) | ($newG << 8) | $newB));
                }
            }
        }

        if (\strripos($outPath, 'png') !== false) {
            \imagepng($im, $outPath);
        } elseif (\strripos($outPath, 'jpg') !== false || \strripos($outPath, 'jpeg') !== false) {
            \imagejpeg($im, $outPath);
        } else {
            \imagegif($im, $outPath);
        }

        \imagedestroy($im);
    }
}